2022年英语专业四级考试延期举行

On wellbeing, the research found there was little impact on pupils overall, with self-reported wellbeing slightly higher in May, June and July than prior to lockdown. But the impact varied: girls reported 10% higher anxiety than boys, and nearly twice as many girls as boys said they were worried about returning to school.

注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

Covid hits exam-taking and poorer pupils worst, study finds

The Guardian

8 Feb 2021

Children studying for exams and those from disadvantaged families are the most likely to have suffered severe disruption to their learning and motivation during the pandemic, according to the largest published study of its impact on pupils in England.

根据已发表的新冠疫情对英格兰学生的影响的Z大规模研究，在疫情期间，正在备考的孩子和那些来自贫困家庭的孩子Z有可能遭受严重的学习和动力干扰。

disadvantaged

表示“贫困的，条件差的，处于劣势的，处于不利地位的”，英文解释为“not having the standard of living conditions, education, etc. that most people have”

举个🌰：

A new educational programme has been set up for economically disadvantaged children.

一个新的面向贫困儿童的教育计划已经设立。

The surveys and interviews of more than 60,000 students aged from six to 18 reveal huge disparities in the impact of lockdown and school closures, with very different profiles for learning loss and wellbeing among children spread across different households.

对6万多名6至18岁的学生进行的调查和访谈结果显示，封锁和学校关闭的影响存在巨大差异，不同家庭的孩子在“学习损失”（learning loss）和幸福感方面存在很大差异。

disparity

disparity /dɪˈspærɪtɪ/表示“（尤指不公正的）不同，差异”，英文解释为“a difference between two or more things, especially an unfair one”，如：a disparity between the rates of pay for men and women 男性与女性在工资水平上的差异。

相反的：

📍parity表示“（尤指薪金、权利或权力的）相同，相等，同等”，英文解释为“the state of being equal, especially having equal pay, rights, or power”

举个🌰：

Women workers are demanding parity with their male colleagues.

女职工在要求与男同事享有同等的待遇。

还可以指两个不同国家的货币单位的“平价，等价”(equality between the units of money from two diffe-rent countries）；

📍2019年「妇女节」联合国秘书长发表讲话时，就提到：

We now have gender parity among those who lead our teams around the world, and the highest-ever numbers of women in senior management. 目前在世界各地，我们已在许多团队的领导层中实现性别均等，高级管理层中的妇女人数比以往任何时候都多。

📍在2018年政府工作报告中，居民收入增长和经济增长基本同步；就处理为：Basic parity in personal income growth and economic growth.

lockdown

表示“活动（或行动）限制”，英文解释为“a situation in which restrictions are placed on sb's movements or actions”

举个🌰：

Prisoners have been placed on lockdown to prevent further violence at the jail.

已对囚犯实行活动限制，以免狱中再出现暴力行为。

📍柯林斯词典2020年度词汇就是Lockdown. 柯林斯官方给出的释义为：the imposition of stringent restrictions on travel, social interaction, and access to public spaces. 指的是对出行、社交和进入公共场所实行严格限制。一般就译为“封锁”。

learning loss

Broadly speaking, learning loss describes the loss of knowledge and skills that students experience when they’re not in school. It’s the idea that learning decays over time if students don’t engage with it regularly.

📍疫情发生以后，学校关闭、学时缩减加上低效的远程线上课程而引发的、值得关注的一个话题：“学习损失”（Learning Loss）。

Children taking GCSE courses appeared most at risk of disruption, with nearly one in four pupils in years 10 and 11 saying they could not get help from family members with questions about their schoolwork, while 40% said they lacked a routine to help them study from home.

参加GCSE课程的孩子似乎Z容易受到干扰，10年级和11年级的学生中，近四分之一的人说他们无法从家庭成员那里得到有关学校作业问题的帮助，而40%的人说他们缺乏帮助他们在家学习的日常习惯。

GCSE

中等教育普通证书（General Certificate of Secondary Education 简称 GCSE）为国际认可的学历证明。普通中等教育证书，是英国学生完成第一阶段中等教育会考所颁发的证书。

于英格兰，威尔士以及北爱尔兰等地区的中学中修习两年（某些学校三年）课程后取得。在过去，英国政府让学生在学习完两年的课程后才进行这项证书测验。现在将证书测验改成中学课程的一部分，并且以期末考试作为测验的Z终结果。（Wikipedia）

The research comes after academics estimated that the pandemic will cost about ￡350bn in lost earnings across the working life of today’s school pupils, adding to calls for the government to do more to help children catch up over the coming years.

这项研究是在学者们估计疫情将使如今的小学生在今后整个工作生涯中损失约3500亿英镑的收入之后进行的，这也增加了对政府在未来几年内做更多工作以帮助孩子们赶上的呼吁。

academic

作名词，表示“大学教师；学者”，英文解释为“someone who teaches at a college, or who studies as part of their job”。

James Turner, chief executive of the Sutton Trust, said the research showed there was “no question” that the pandemic was having a devastating impact.

萨顿信托基金会（Sutton Trust）的首席执行官詹姆斯·特纳（James Turner）说，研究表明，“毫无疑问”，疫情正在产生破坏性的影响。

trust

熟词僻义，表示“委托；信托；信托财产”，英文解释为“an arrangement by which an organization or a group of people has legal control of money or property that has been given to sb, usually until that person reaches a particular age; an amount of money or property that is controlled in this way”

举个🌰：

He set up a trust for his children.

他为子女安排好了信托财产。

devastating

1）表示“破坏性极强的”，英文解释为“If you describe something as devastating, you are emphasizing that it is very harmful or damaging.”

2）表示“令人震惊的”，英文解释为“You can use devastating to emphasize that something is very shocking, upsetting, or terrible.”

举个🌰：

The diagnosis was devastating. She had cancer.

诊断结果令人震惊。她得了癌症。

“Many of the findings reinforce our own research showing the disproportionate impact of the pandemic on disadvantaged young people,” said Turner. “The road to recovery will not be straightforward and will require a sustained and multifaceted approach, focussed on those who have lost out the most.”

“许多研究结果进一步证实了我们自己的研究，表明新冠疫情对条件不好的年轻人产生了较大的影响，”特纳说，“恢复之路不会一帆风顺，需要采取持续和多层面的方法，重点关注那些处于Z劣势的人。”

reinforce

1）表示“加强；充实；使更强烈；进一步证实（观点、看法等）”，英文解释为“to make a feeling, an idea, etc. stronger”

举个🌰：

Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes.

这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。 

2）表示“加固；使更结实”，英文解释为“to make a structure or material stronger, especially by adding another material to it”

举个🌰：

All buildings are now reinforced to withstand earthquakes.

所有建筑现都已加固，以抗地震。

disproportionate

disproportionate /ˌdɪs.prəˈpɔː.ʃən.ət/ 表示“不成比例的；不相称的；太大（或太小）的”，英文解释为“too large or too small when compared with sth else”

举个🌰：

The area contains a disproportionate number of young middle-class families.

此地年轻的中产阶级家庭特别多。

straightforward

表示“容易理解的，简单的”，英文解释为“easy to understand or simple”

举个🌰：

Just follow the signs to it - it's very straightforward.

顺着路标走就到了——非常简单。

multifaceted

multifaceted /ˌmʌl.tiˈfæs.ɪ.tɪd/ 表示“多方面的，多元的”，英文解释为“having many different parts”

举个🌰：

It's a multifaceted business, offering a range of services.

这是一个业务多元化的企业，提供各种服务。

📍在2022年政府工作报告提到，加快建立健全全方位、多层次、立体化监管体系，实现事前事中事后全链条全领域监管，提高监管效能。To ensure regulation is effective, we will work faster to establish a comprehensive, tiered and multifaceted system to regulate all stages, from start to finish, in all sectors.

lose out

表示“处于劣势；吃亏”，英文解释为“to not have an advantage that other people have”

举个🌰：

The new tax means that the vast majority of working people will lose out.

征收新税意味着大多数正在工作的人将会受损失。

Pupils in years 10 and 11 had the most pessimistic view of their learning last year, with children in those year groups remaining the most anxious after the summer holidays.

去年，10年级和11年级的学生对他们的学习有Z悲观的看法，这些年级组的孩子在暑假后仍然Z焦虑的。

pessimistic

pessimistic /ˌpes.ɪˈmɪs.tɪk/ 表示“悲观的”，英文解释为“thinking that bad things are more likely to happen or emphasizing the bad part of a situation”

举个🌰：

The tone of the meeting was very pessimistic.

会议的气氛非常悲观。

“These scores hint at the pressures that exam uncertainty has caused,” the report’s authors noted.

报告的作者指出：“这些分数暗示了考试的不确定性所带来的压力。”

hint

表示“暗示，示意”，英文解释为“to suggest something in an indirect way, but so that someone can guess your meaning”

举个🌰：

What are you hinting at?

你在暗示什么？

The research uncovered some intriguing details that explain the disparities between groups. While 97% of children in disadvantaged households – largely those who had received free school meals – said they had a digital device such as a laptop or tablet at home, only two out of three said they they were able to use it to complete their schoolwork.

研究发现了一些耐人寻味的细节，解释了群体之间的差异。虽然97%的贫困家庭的孩子--主要是那些获得免费学校膳食的孩子--说他们家里有电子设备，如笔记本电脑或平板电脑，但只有三分之二的孩子说他们能够用它来完成他们的学校作业。

intriguing

intriguing /ɪnˈtriː.ɡɪŋ/ 表示“非常有趣的；引人入胜的；神秘的”，英文解释为“very interesting because of being unusual or mysterious”如：an intriguing possibility/question 极具吸引力的可能性/问题。

In non-disadvantaged households, 99% said they had digital devices at home, although more than one in five reported that they did not have sufficient access to complete their work.

在非贫困家庭中，99%的人说他们在家里有电子设备，但超过五分之一的人说他们不能充分地用它来完成作业。

Of the learning itself, many children reported they didn’t understand the schoolwork given to them during lockdown, but the effect was more pronounced for those from disadvantaged families.

就学习本身而言，许多孩子表示，在封锁期间，学校作业他们难以弄懂，但对于来自贫困家庭的孩子来说，这种影响更为明显。

pronounced

pronounced /prəˈnaʊnst/ 表示“明显的；明确的”，英文解释为“very noticeable or certain”

举个🌰：

I'm told I have a very pronounced Chinese accent when I speak English.

有人告诉我说，我在说英语时有明显的中式口音。

Only 45% of children eligible for the pupil premium said they understood the school work they were given during lockdown, compared with 57% of their better-off peers also working remotely.

获得学生补贴的孩子中，只有45%表示，他们理解封锁期间布置的学校作业，而同样进行线上教学的、经济条件较好的同龄人中，这一数字达57%。

eligible

1）表示“有资格的；合格的；具备条件的”，英文解释为“a person who is eligible for sth or to do sth, is able to have or do it because they have the right qualifications, are the right age, etc. ”

举个🌰：

Only those over 70 are eligible for the special payment.

只有70岁以上的人才有资格领取这项专款。

2）还有一个好玩的意思，表示“（指结婚对象）令人中意的；合意的，合适的”，英文解释为“An eligible man or woman is not yet married and is thought by many people to be a suitable partner.”

举个🌰：

He's the most eligible bachelor in Japan.

他是日本Z令人中意的单身汉。

🎬电影《我要当警察》（Observe And Report）中的台词提到：There are several tests to complete in order to be eligible for police academy 想要进警校 得通过几项测试。

premium

1）作形容词，表示“高昂的；优质的；高端的”，英文解释为“very high (and higher than usual); of high quality”，如：premium prices/products 奇高的价格；优质产品。

2）作名词，表示“奖金，津贴；加价；附加费”，英文解释为“A premium is a sum of money that you have to pay for something in addition to the normal cost.”

举个🌰：

Even if customers want "solutions," most are not willing to pay a premium for them. 

即使顾客们想要“解决方案”，大部分人不愿意为此支付附加费。

better-off

表示“较富裕的；境况较好的；经济状况较以前（或较大多数人）好”，英文解释为“to have more money than you had in the past or more money than most other people”

举个🌰：

He'd be better off working for a bigger company.

若给大点儿的公司干活，他的境况就会好些。

peer

表示“同龄人；同辈；同等社会地位（或能力）的人”，英文解释为“a person who is the same age or has the same social position or the same abilities as other people in a group”

举个🌰：

Do you think it's true that teenage girls are less self-confident than their male peers?

你是否认为十几岁的女孩子不如同年龄的男孩子自信？

The study by the charity ImpactEd carried out a series of surveys of 62,000 pupils in schools across England, from May until November last year.

慈善机构ImpactEd的这项研究从去年5月到11月对英格兰各地学校的62000名学生进行了一系列调查。

“Education throughout Covid-19 has been a challenging process but we hope this study and its findings assists schools. We are already seeing schools using the data to target resources towards those groups of pupils in their schools who need different types of support,” said Owen Carter, co-founder and managing director of ImpactEd.

“整个新冠疫情期间的教育一直是一个具有挑战性的过程，但我们希望这项研究及其结果能够对学校有帮助。我们已经看到学校利用这些数据将资源用于他们学校中需要不同类型支持的学生群体，”ImpactEd的联合创始人兼总经理欧文·卡特（Owen Carter）说。

On wellbeing, the research found there was little impact on pupils overall, with self-reported wellbeing slightly higher in May, June and July than prior to lockdown. But the impact varied: girls reported 10% higher anxiety than boys, and nearly twice as many girls as boys said they were worried about returning to school.

在幸福感方面，研究发现对学生的整体影响不大，5月、6月和7月的自我报告的幸福感比封锁前略高。但影响是不同的：女孩报告的焦虑比男孩高10%，而对返校表示担心的女孩数几乎是男孩数的两倍。

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